Review Article Open Access

Wearable Orthopedic Sensors: Transforming Musculoskeletal Care Through Continuous Biomechanical Intelligence

Abstract

Wearable orthopedic sensors represent a rapidly evolving intersection of biomedical engineering, clinical orthopedics, and digital health technologies. These devices, typically incorporating inertial measurement units (IMUs), electromyography (EMG), strain gauges, and smart textiles, enable continuous monitoring of musculoskeletal function in real-world environments. Unlike conventional clinical assessments that capture static or episodic snapshots, wearable sensors provide dynamic, longitudinal data on joint motion, gait patterns, muscle activity, and rehabilitation progress. This article presents a critical opinion on the clinical relevance, technological maturity, and future potential of wearable orthopedic sensors. While their promise in personalized rehabilitation, early diagnosis, and outcome prediction is substantial, challenges remain in data standardization, clinical validation, cost-effectiveness, and integration into healthcare workflows. Ultimately, wearable orthopedic sensors may redefine orthopedic care from episodic intervention to continuous biomechanical management.

Javier L. Morales

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