Hemostasis

 Hemostasis is a defense mechanism to stop bleeding. Activated by vessel wall injury, it consists of intertwined activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade, tightly controlled by natural anticoagulants and the fibrinolytic system [1]. Inflammation aims at restorating the integrity of damaged or threatened tissues, most frequently because of injury or infectious pathogens. The coagulation system and the innate inflammatory response share a common ancestry and are coupled via common activation pathways and feedback regulation systems. Primitive organisms as the horseshoe crab have an integrated coagulation and innate immune system [2]. More evolved species have more complex and specialized systems, but a two-way relationship between both has persisted throughout evolution: coagulation triggers inflammatory reactions and inflammation triggers the activation of the coagulation system. Extensive cross-talk between inflammation and coagulation involves cell receptor-mediated signaling, cellular interactions and the production of cell-derived microvesicles by endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets