Research & Reviews: Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
MenuISSN: 2319-9865
ISSN: 2319-9865
Stacy Loeb*
Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Received: 02-Feb -2022, Manuscript No. jmahs-22-53141; Editor assigned: 04- Feb-2022, Pre QC No. jmahs-22-53141 (PQ); Reviewed: 18- Feb -2022, QC No. jmahs-22-53141; Accepted: 21- Feb-2022, Manuscript No. jmahs-22-53141 (A); Published: 28- Feb -2022, DOI: 10.4172/ 2319-9865.11. 2.e001.
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The rubella virus causes rubella, often known as German measles or three-day measles. Because the disease is generally mild, half of those affected are unaware that they are sick. A rash that appears two weeks after exposure and lasts three days is possible. It often begins on the face and then spreads across the body. The rash is painful at times and not as brilliant as the measles rash. Lymph nodes that swell are typical and might continue for a few weeks. Fever, sore throat, and exhaustion are all possible side effects. Adults frequently experience joint discomfort.
Bleeding difficulties, testicular enlargement, encephalitis, and nerve irritation are all possible complications. A miscarriage or a child born with Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) can occur if an infection occurs during early pregnancy. CRS symptoms include difficulties with the eyes, such as cataracts and hearing, as well as heart and brain issues. After the 20th week of pregnancy, complications are uncommon. Rubella is generally passed from person to person through the air via infected people's coughs. During the week before and after the rash appears, people are contagious. CRS-infected babies can spread the virus for up to a year. Humans are the only ones that get infected. The illness is not spread by insects. People who have recovered are immune to subsequent infections. Immunity can be verified by testing. The presence of the virus in the blood, throat, or urine confirms the diagnosis. Antibody testing in the blood may also be beneficial.
Rubella can be prevented with a single dose of the rubella vaccination, which is more than 95% effective. It is frequently administered in conjunction with the MMR vaccination, which protects against measles and mumps. When just a portion of a population is vaccinated, such as less than 80%, more women may reach reproductive age without establishing immunity through infection or vaccination, potentially increasing CRS incidence. Once you've been infected, there's no way to get rid of it.
Rubella is a prevalent virus that affects people all over the world. Congenital rubella syndrome affects roughly 100,000 people each year. Vaccination has resulted in a reduction in illness rates in several locations. Global attempts to eradicate the illness are continuing. The World Health Organization certified the Americas to be rubella-free in April 2015. The term "rubella" comes from the Latin word "rubella," which meaning "small red." In the year 1814,The disease was initially recognised as a unique condition by German physicians, garnering it the title "German measles."
Rubella symptoms are comparable to flu symptoms. The predominant sign of rubella virus infection is the formation of a rash (exanthem) on the face that spreads to the trunk and limbs and normally dissipates after three days, thus the name "three-day measles." As the rash spreads to other regions of the body, it normally clears up. Low-grade fever, enlarged glands (sub-occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy), joint aches, headache, and conjunctivitis are some of the other symptoms. Symptoms often appear two to three weeks after exposure and also include mild fever and headache. There's no treatment to get rid of an established infection, but medications may help with symptoms. Vaccination can help prevent the disease.
Swollen glands or lymph nodes can last up to a week, although the temperature seldom climbs over 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit). Rubella rash is often pink or pale red. Itching occurs as a result of the rash, which usually lasts three days. After a few days, the rash fades away with no discoloration or flaking of the skin. When the rash goes away, the skin that was covered by the rash may shed in little flakes. Forchheimer spots appear in 20% of cases and are characterized by tiny, crimson papules on the soft palate region.
Rubella is a contagious disease that may affect people of all ages. Arthritis and joint aches are more common in adult women.
Rubella usually produces symptoms in children that last two days and includ:
• Rash that develops on the face and spreads to other parts of the body.
• Low fever of less than 38.3°Celsius (101°Fahrenheit).
• Lymphadenopathy of the posterior cervical region.
Additional symptoms, such as swollen glands, may be present in older children and adults.
• Coryza (cold-like symptoms).
• Joints that hurt (especially in young women).
• Rubella can cause severe problems such as brain inflammation (encephalitis), low platelet count, and ear infection.
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