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Design and Implementation Wireless Sensor Network

Mr. Nawale S.J., Prof. Mrs. Joshi S.G.
  1. ME (VLSI & Embedded Systems), Vishwabharati Academy’s College of Engineering, Ahmednagar, MS, India
  2. HOD, Department of E&TC, Vishwabharati Academy’s College of Engineering, Ahmednagar, MS, India
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Abstract

most oil pumping units (OPUs) have been using manual control in the oilfield. In this paper, network based automatic control is proposed for OPU management. This proposed network can sequentially realize automatic data sensing, automatic malfunction detection, remote data transmission, intelligent data organization and management, automatic malfunction warning, automatic stroke adjustment and state report via GSM short message service (SMS). Specifically, the proposed network based automatic control system contains four parts: 1) the first level sensors (FLS) for data sensing; 2)the developed intelligent sensors (ISs), which are the second level sensors, for data storage and elementary processing;3) a communication protocol for data transmission; and 4)a software-based network center for data processing, data management, malfunction detection, remote stroke adjustment, GSM SMS and so on. In this paper, we focus on describing the IS design and reporting the elementary experiment results of the proposed system at the oil well.

Index Terms
Wireless Sensor Network, intelligent.

INTRODUCTION
In this project, a sensor network based intelligent system isproposed and applied for remote oilwell health monitoring andautomatic oil-pumping control. The motivation of developingthis system is that due to the special nature of oil explorationand oil drilling, the majority of oil pumping units (OPU1) are spread over barren hills, mountains and deserts, and theexisting oil-pumping systems still adopt manual control. Existingmanual control systems have three evident drawbacks.
The OPU administrators have to frequently go to the oilfieldto check the OPU status and collect its health analysis data.For the sake of the harsh oilfield environment, especially in thewinter when it is chilly and snowing overspreading the wholeoilfield, it is quite difficult to effectively manage and maintain allOPU manually.
Power consumption for OPU is huge duringtheoil-pumping process. Especially in barren oilwells, powerwastage is extremely high because each oil-pumping is not filledunder such condition and thus oil production greatly drops eventhough the OPU pumping stroke remains high. And , sincean administrator has to take charge of a number of oilwells, anOPU malfunction is difficult to locate and repair in a reasonabletime, which causes an oil production drop.
In this project is used to monitor the parameters of the oifield. When we are filling the oil tank at that time diffrent parameters affect on the control system. first parameter is the power requiremet is high due motor get started. Also oil pressure means oil flowing through the pipe .Aslo it is important to monitor the oil level of the tank. All information it need to send to control station because we want to monitor the parameters.
The parameter information is send to the control station by using Zigbee nodes. Zigbee is the new wireless technology it uses 2.4 GHz frequency band with having IEEE 802.15.4a protocol.When we are receiving this information from the wireless sensor network we want to minitor the parametrs & control this parameter wirelessly form remote station. For this application it should have to maintain the database for it to keep record of the parameters.[1]

II. IMPLEMENTAION
A. Network TopologyAnd System Description
Fig.1 shows the proposed network topology, i.e. the whole system architecture, which includes the FLSs, the second level sensors, i.e. developed intelligent sensors (ISs) and the network center. This proposed network can guarantee that one network center can simultaneously manage and maintain hundreds In Fig.1, FLSs are utilized for data sensing from an OPU, whichconvert all measurements into electrical signals and transmit them into the IS. When IS received sensing data, on one hand, IS may relay sensing data to network center by wireless communication; on the other hand, IS may elementarily process sensing data, report significant malfunction and output typical information, such as the maximal, minimal and average sensing data and so on. The
The detailed function of IS are illustrated as follows of
• Elematary processing of sensing data, such as calculating the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value;
• Wireless transmission of sensing data via a developed OPU communication protocol;
• Power efficiency via a frequency converter since the lower the power frequency, the slower the motor, the smaller the stroke of OPU;
• Significant malfunction detection, such as missing phase and overcurrent;
• Relay protection, where the power will be cut off when phase is missing or overcurrent occurs;
image
B. Communication between FLS and IS
A group of FLS in our proposed system consists of a load sensor, an angular sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and an oil pressure sensor while the IS mainly contains two components: the designed control board and the frequency converter. Five kinds of sensing data from FLS are imported to its IS. The IS usually transmits oil well static parameters (At the initial stage), significant malfunction reports (if necessary), dynamic sensing data and elementary processing data directly to the TLS. As a special case, when the wireless communication between the IS and the TLS fails, the IS sends data to its adjacent IS for relay transmission up to the TLS.[2]
On the other hand, when acquiring a pumping stroke adjustment command from the TLS, the control board executes this command by transporting the corresponding control logic down to the frequency converter [2], [3], which has the capability of changing power frequency as well as the OPU’s pumping stroke.

III.HARDWARE DESIGN FORINTELLIGENT SENSOR
A. Sensing Module:
Sensing module contains load sensor,angular sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor, oil pressure sensor and the corresponding conditioning circuit, Load sensor is employed to acquire instantaneous load of slick rod. Angular sensor is used for measuring the instantaneous inclination of OPU crossbeam. Voltage sensor and current sensor are used for measuring the instantaneous voltage and current of power supply, respectively. Oil pressure sensor is used for measuring the oil pressure of oil pipe.
Specifications and measuring accuracy of FLSs are illustrated as follows:
Load sensor: 0 − 150kN and accuracy 5% ;
Angular sensor: 0 − 2π and accuracy 5% ;
Voltage sensor: 0 − 500V and accuracy 5%;
Current sensor: 0 − 50A and accuracy 5% ;
Oil pressure sensor: 0 − 150kN and accuracy5%.
B. Relay Protection Module:
Relay protection module consists of circuit breaker, contactor and connection circuit as. This module is used for detecting the motor
C. Interface Module:
Interface module includes 4 × 4keyboard, 128 × 64 LCD, indicator lights, a buzzer, power switch, start button and stop button. This module is the interface between staff and IS, by which OPU can be started or stopped, the stroke of OPU can be changed, OPU parameters can be presetted, sensing data can be inquire dand the malfunction information can be acquired.
D. Frequency Converter Module:
Frequency converter module contains frequency converter and a braking resistor. On one hand, this module can realize soft boot for motor, which reduces inrush to OPU and motor. On the other hand, this module can adjust the motor speed according to the received command from CPU so that the stroke of OPU is adjusted and the power is saved.
E. Wireless Communication Module:
Wireless communication module is made of a radio station and a Yagi antenna.9-pin RS232 serial is utilized for the connection between CPU and radio station. Sensing data and OPU parameters are sent to network center by using this serial and Yagi antenna.[2][3]

IV. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FLS and IS
In the Fig.2 FLSs in our system contain load sensor, angular sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor and oil pressure sensor while IS includes control board and frequency converter. Sensing data via FLSs are input into IS. IS automatically transmits sensing data, OPU parameters and the detected malfunction to network center per 20 minutes unless certain significant malfunction occurs so that the power is cut off. On the other hand, when IS acquires the command from network center by wireless communication.
image
image
As shown in Fig.3 (a), once power up, the system starts hardware and software initialization. After system initialization, OS will dispatch certain one of our 4tasks. Fig.3 (b) illustrates the priority of 4 tasks, where data collection has the highest priority, next is data elementary processing, followed by system scan and last is interface.

VI. CONCLUSION
By using zigbee technology it is possible to send as well as receive all the information without any intervation of any envoronmental condition. That means ther is no problem of line of sight. By ausing ARM7 microcontroller the system response we are getting is very good.In this paper, a sensor network based oilwell remote healthmonitoring and intelligent control system was proposed forOPU management in the oilfield. This proposed system consistsof threelevel sensors: the FLS, the IS and the TLS. TheFLS have been used for an oilwell’s data sensing, includinga load sensor, an angular sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and an oil pressure sensor for each oilwell.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The goal of this paper is to design “Design and Implementation Wireless Sensor Network”. The function has been realized successfully. I want to give my whole sincere to my supervisor and grateful appreciation to Prof. Miss. S.G. Joshi as my supervisor of dissertation work; she tried her best to help me. Without her help and guidance I cannot bring the theories into practice. On the other hand, I want to thank all my family members and friends for their always support and spiritual motivation.

References