Beatriz Pereira*
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
Received: 01-Mar-2025, Manuscript No. dd-25-171103; Editor Assigned: 04-Mar-2025, Pre QC No. dd-25- 171103; Reviewed: 15-Mar-2025, QC No. dd-25-171103; Revised: 20-Mar- 2025, Manuscript No. dd-25-171103; Published: 29-Mar-2025, DOI:10.4172/resrevdrugdeliv.9.1.003
Citation: Beatriz Pereira, Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery: A Revolution in Therapeutics. Res Rev Drug Deliv. 2025;9.005.
Copyright: © 2025 Beatriz Pereira, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and sources are credited.
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Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in modern medicine, particularly in the field of drug delivery. Conventional drug administration methods often face challenges such as poor solubility, rapid metabolism, low bioavailability, and lack of targeted action. Nanotechnology offers solutions by engineering materials at the nanoscale (1–100 nm) to improve drug stability, enhance absorption, and ensure controlled and site-specific release. By tailoring nanoparticles to interact with biological systems at the molecular level, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems hold immense promise in treating complex diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases [1].
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are designed to improve therapeutic efficiency while minimizing side effects. A key advantage lies in their ability to protect drugs from premature degradation and deliver them directly to the desired site of action. Several nanocarrier platforms have been developed, each with unique properties and applications [2].
Liposomes, spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers, are among the earliest and most widely used nanocarriers. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, providing controlled release and reduced toxicity. Liposomal formulations are already used clinically in cancer therapy and antifungal treatments [3].
Polymeric nanoparticles offer another versatile platform. Made from biodegradable polymers, these carriers can be engineered to release drugs in response to specific stimuli, such as pH or temperature changes. This feature makes them highly suitable for tumor-targeted therapy, where the tumor microenvironment differs significantly from normal tissues [4].
Dendrimers, highly branched nanoscale polymers, provide multiple attachment sites for drugs, imaging agents, or targeting ligands. Their unique architecture enables precise drug loading and multifunctionality, making them promising tools for both diagnosis and therapy (theranostics).
Another significant advancement is nanocrystals, which enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. By reducing drug particles to the nanoscale, their surface area increases dramatically, improving dissolution rates and absorption [5].
Targeted drug delivery is one of the most critical applications of nanotechnology. By modifying nanoparticles with ligands, antibodies, or peptides, drugs can be selectively delivered to diseased cells while sparing healthy tissues. For example, in oncology, nanoparticles can be engineered to exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors, ensuring higher drug accumulation at the tumor site.
In addition to cancer therapy, nanotechnology is making strides in treating neurological conditions. Nanocarriers can be designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, a significant challenge in conventional therapy for diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Furthermore, antimicrobial nanocarriers are being investigated to combat drug-resistant infections, offering new hope against global health threats.
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery represents a paradigm shift in medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance drug effectiveness, reduce side effects, and enable targeted therapy. With diverse nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals, this field is advancing rapidly toward clinical applications. Although challenges related to safety, scalability, and regulation remain, continuous research and innovation are driving progress. In the near future, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, making treatments more precise, efficient, and patient-friendly, thereby redefining global healthcare [6].
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