The Future Medicine: Nanorobots

Keywords

Nanometer, sensors, Nanotech powders.

Main Heading

Nanotechnology is sub-atomic assembling or, all the more basically, building things one particle or atom at once with customized nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3 - 4 molecules wide). The trap is to control molecules separately and place them precisely where expected to create the coveted structure. A nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are commonly gadgets extending in size from 0.1- 10 micrometers and developed of nanoscale or sub-atomic parts. The measurements of a couple of nanometers (nm) or less, where 1 nm = 10-9 meter. The likelihood of nanorobots was initially proposed by Richard Feyman in his discussion "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" in 1959.

"Nanorobots" will be the nanomachines, that will repair the harm which collects as a consequence of digestion system (being alive) by performing nanorobotic remedial techniques on each of the ~75 trillion cells that include the human body [1-5]. The substructures included in development of nanorobot include installed power supply, sensors, nanocomputer, pumps, controllers and weight tanks. The highlights of nanorobots will be Nanorobots can be classified into two gatherings called self-ruling robots and creepy crawly robots.

A real resource of nanorobots is that they require next to no vitality to work. A real point of interest of nanorobots is thought to be their strength [6-10]. In principle, they can stay operational for a considerable length of time, decades, or hundreds of years. Nanoscale frameworks can likewise work much quicker than their bigger partners on the grounds that removals are littler; this permits mechanical and electrical occasions to happen in less time at a given rate.

Nanotechnology coatings are as of now being utilized to make dress with stain-safe strands. Nanotech powders are now being utilized to detail superior sun-screen moisturizers [11-15]. Nanoparticles are as of now serving to convey medications to focused on tissues inside the body. Extra applications are in progress in the zones of: therapeutic finding and medicines; biotechnology; propelled improvement of pharmaceuticals; beatufiers; aviation and auto businesses; security, protection, and natural insurance; gadgets, PCs and correspondence; vitality creation, stockpiling, and lighting; and assembling and item outline. Likewise see - Open Directory - Science: Technology: Nanotechnology [16-20].

Nanomanufacturing is the formation of materials and items through: (1) Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA) - discrete, coordinated gathering of individual molecules and atoms into macroscale materials and items; (2) Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA) - making of conditions that cultivate the development of nanoscale precious stones that are then consolidated into macroscale materials and items; or (3) Massive Parallelism Assembly (MPA) - the production of numerous nanomachines or nanobots whose working parameters cause them to work synergistically to amass particles and particles into macroscale materials and items [21-25].

References

1. Andrews, R. J. (2007). Neuroprotection at the nanolevel—Part I introduction to nanoneurosurgery. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1122: 169–184.
2. Berg, H. C. (1993). Random Walks in Biology, 2nd edn. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
3. Bogaerts, W., Baets, R., Dumon, P., Wiaux, V., Beckx, S., Taillaert, D., Luyssaert, B., Campenhout, J. V., Bienstman, P. and Thourhout, D. V. (2005). Nanophotonic waveguides in Silicon-on-Insulator fabricated with CMOS technology. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23(1): 401–412. Cavalcanti, A. (2003).
4. Assembly automation with evolutionary nanorobots and sensor-based control applied to nanomedicine. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 2(2): 82–87.
5. Cavalcanti, A., Shirinzadeh, B., Freitas, R. A. Jr. and Hogg, T. (2008). Nanorobot architecture for medical target identification. Nanotechnology, 19(1): 015103.
6. Cavalcanti, A., Shirinzadeh, B., Zhang, M. and Kretly, L. C. (2008). Nanorobot hardware architecture for medical defense. Sensors, 8(5): 2932–2958.
7. Chau, R., Doyle, B., Datta, S., Kavalieros, J. and Zhang, K. (2007). Integrated nanoelectronics for the future. Nature Materials, 6(11): 810–812.
8. Crowley, R. J. (2006). Carbon nanotube actuator. US Patent Specification 7099071. Cui, Y., Wei, Q., Park, H. and Lieber, C. M. (2001). Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species. Science, 293(5533): 1289– 1292.
9. Elder, J. B., Liu, C. Y. and Apuzzo, M. L. J. (2008). Neurosurgery in the realm of 109, Part 2: Applications of nanotechnology to neurosurgery-present and future. Neurosurgery, 62(2): 269–285.
10. Freitas, R. A. Jr. (2005). What is nanomedicine?. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 1(1): 2–9. Frist, W. H. (2005). Health care in the 21st century. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(3): 267–272.
11. Fukuda, S., Hashimoto, N., Naritomi, H., Nagata, I., Nozaki, K., Kondo, S., Kurino, M. and Kikuchi, H. (2000). Prevention of rat cerebral aneurysm formation by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Circulation, 101(21): 2532–2538.
12. Fukuda, T., Kawamoto, A., Arai, F. and Matsuura, H. (1995). Steering mechanism and swimming experiment of micro mobile robot in water. Proceedings of the IEEE MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, pp. 300–305.
13. Genov, R., Stanacevic, M., Naware, M., Cauwenberghs, G. and Thakor, N. V. (2006). 16-Channel integrated potentiostat for distributed neurochemical sensing. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I—Regular Papers, 53(11): 2371– 2376.
14. Hamdi, M., Ferreira, A., Sharma, G. and Mavroidis, C. (2008). Prototyping bio-nanorobots using molecular dynamics simulation and virtual reality. Microelectronics Journal, 39(2):190–201.
15. Hogg, T. (2007). Coordinating microscopic robots in viscous fluids. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 14: 271–305.
16. Frazer RA (2012) Use of Silver Nanoparticles in HIV Treatment Protocols: A Research Proposal. J Nanomedic Nanotechnol 2:127.
17. Yiv S, Uckun FM (2012) Lipid Spheres as Attractive Nanoscale Drug Delivery Platforms for Cancer Therapy. J Nanomedic Nanotechnol 2:128.
18. Katsnelson BA, Privalova LI, Sutunkova MP, Khodos MY, Shur VY, et al. (2012) Uptake of Some Metallic Nanoparticles by, and their Impact on Pulmonary Macrophages in Vivo as Viewed by Optical, Atomic Force, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Nanomedic Nanotechnol 3:129.
19. Parab NDT, Tomar V (2012) Raman Spectroscopy of Algae: A Review. J Nanomedic Nanotechnol 3:131
20. Levitsky IA(2012) Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Renewable Energy. J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e117.
21. Kamalapuram SK, Kanwar RK, Kanwar JR (2012) Survivin in Cancer: A Spider in the Web. J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e118.
22. Jackson SR, Jayagopal A (2012) Nanoscale Engineering of Molecular Beacons for Imaging of RNA in Living Systems. J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e119.
23. Vatansever F, Chandran R, Sadasivam M, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR (2012) Multi-Functionality in Theranostics Nanoparticles: Is more always Better? J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e120
24. Vashist SK, Venkatesh AG (2012) Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Drug Delivery Systems: Prospects and Challenges. J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e121.
25. Ramos J, Taylor D, Rege K (2012) Gold Nanoparticle Mediated Photo- Chemotherapy. J Nanomed Nanotechol 3:e125.