Special Issue Article Open Access

An Effective Collision Avoidance Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Abstract

In traditional terrestrial radio transmissions, the challenges of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption. In such a circumstance, the negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate. Most of the existing UWSN medium access control (MAC) protocols handle the collision problem in a single-hop or light-loaded environment. They fail to function effectively in a multihop network consisting of more sensor nodes with heavier traffic loads. Using the concept of cyclic quorum systems, we propose a distributed multiple-rendezvous multichannel MAC protocol, MM-MAC, in this paper to reduce collision probability. The advantages of the proposed protocol are threefold: 1) Only one modem is needed for each node to solve the missing receiver problem which is often encountered in multichannel protocols; 2) multiple sensor node pairs can complete their channel negotiations on different channels simultaneously; and 3) data packets will not be collided by control packets and vice versa.

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