Research Article Open Access

Comparison of Widal test with Immunochromatography and Enzyme Immuno Assay for Salmonella typhi IgM and IgG Antibodies

Abstract

Typhoid fever is endemic in Asia Pacific Region, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and South America. The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge.Isolates from many parts of the world are now multidrug-resistant (MDR).There is a need for a quick and reliable diagnostic test for typhoid fever as an alternative to the Widal test. Collection and preservation of samples were done as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Widal test was done by two quantitative methods i.e. slide and tube agglutination. About 80 and more than 80 titre was considered as significant titre. Typhifast test is immunochromatographic qualitative test assay performed in test device, which shows colour band when there is IgM in serum against coated antigen.Pink purplish coloured lines which confirm a positive test result. It was compared with positive control, which was also coated in respective test devices. Typhipoint is enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to the extracted protein of salmonella typhi in serum. Absence of this colored dot in the test region indicates negative test result. The results were compared with positive control, which was also coated in respective test devices. Total of 100 blood samples of suspected cases of typhoid fever was tested by three methods i.e. widal test, Typhifast &Typhipoit. Widal test in which, 48 samples (48%) were showed positive reaction with slide and tube agglutination method. Widal reaction was positive for TO & TH both in 62.5% of widal positive sample and 30% in suspected cases of typhoid fever&30% for TH in samples. In Widal positive reaction, maximum sample were from age group 21-40 years (58.33%).Out of 48 positive widal sample, 30 (62%) were males and 18 (38%) were females. Typhoid fever patients were outnumbered in MICU (22.2%).48 (48%) samples were positive and 52 (52%) were negative by widal. In typhifast 42 (42%) were positive and 58 (58%) were negative. In typhipoint 44 (44%) positive and 56 (56%) were negative. Out of100samples, 8 were used as positive and negative controls for typhipoint. 92 samples were used for testing. The result of the two methods i.e. Typhifast and Typhipoint were compared with the gold standard Widal test results. Typhipoint was more sensitive than both tests. It showed 7% sensitivity than typhifast. There was little difference among these three tests in positivity reaction point of view. Typhipoint was more sensitive than two tests.

Mahesh Singh Danu, AD Urhekar, Nitin Goel, Vijay Mane, Amodkumar Yadav and Ajit KG

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