Case Report Open Access

Congenital Absence of Portal Vein Combined with Retro-aortic Left Renal Vein: A Case Report

Abstract

In the past, Congenital Absence of Portal Vein (CAPV) was a rare occurrence. CAPV transports blood from the gastrointestinal system, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood is derived from digested substances and contains nutrients and poisons. The portal vein accounts for about 75% of all liver blood flow with the remaining 15% coming from the hepatic artery itself. In the hepatic veins, blood travels from the liver to the heart. A rare defect known as Congenital Absence of The Portal Vein (CAPV) causes the intestinal and splenic venous drainage leak into the systemic veins by leaving liver. However, because of advancements in imaging techniques, the number of CAPV cases detected has increased in recent years. Patients with CAPV may develop Portal Hypertension (PH) or Portosystemic Encephalopathy (PSE). However these symptoms do not usually appear until the patients are older. The cause of this disease is unknown, however most researchers believe it is linked to aberrant embryologic development of the portal vein. The left renal vein passes anterior to the aorta just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. A multislice CT scan revealed a variation in the portal vein and retroaortic left renal vein. Variations in the left renal vein are critical when planning retroperitoneal surgery and vascular procedures. Abdominal procedures, transplantations and preoperative evaluation of endovascular interventions all require knowledge of a patient's portal vein and renovascular anatomy as well as detecting their variations and anomalies. We are reporting a rare case of congenital absence of portal vein along with Left renal veins retro-aortic left renal vein in an adult patient.

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