Perspective Article Open Access

Mass Spectrometry and Its Types: Principles, Techniques, and Applications

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used for the identification, characterization, and quantification of chemical compounds. It operates by ionizing chemical species and measuring their mass-to-charge ra tios. Over the years, mass spectrometry has evolved significantly, incorporating advanced ionization methods and mass analysers that enhance sensitivity and resolution. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry and discusses its major types, including gas chromatogra phy–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and matrix-assisted laser de sorption/ionization (MALDI). Applications across pharmaceuticals, environmen tal analysis, and proteomics are also highlighted. The versatility and precision of mass spectrometry make it an indispensable tool in modern analytical sci ence[1,2].

Alexander J. Whitmore

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