Review Article Open Access

Recent Advances in Bacterial Drug Resistance and Antibiotics

Abstract

The crisis of antibiotic resistance affects health worldwide and necessitates the development of innovative medicines. Since their discovery and widespread use in the early to mid-20th century, antibiotics have been a crucial weapon in the struggle against infectious diseases. Similarly, the proliferation of antibiotic usage has led to a significant apprehension regarding drug resistance and its implications for human well-being. The majority of the pharmacological leads under investigation today are alterations of recognized antibiotics, many of which come from organic sources. Several antibacterial agents and drug delivery technologies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Nano-drug delivery methods for antibiotics offer several advantages compared to traditional antibiotics. These methods have the potential to reduce antibiotic resistance and prolong the effectiveness of novel antibiotics. Additionally, they enable precise and targeted drug administration. This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the utilization of multiple approaches in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, it discusses the latest advancements in antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems for diverse carriers.

Maryam Inayat1*, Zunaira Akram2, Safoora Tariq3, Nida Fatima4

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