Editorial Open Access

Toxicology: Principles, Mechanisms, and Applications in Health Sciences

Abstract

Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on living organisms and the environment. It integrates knowledge from pharmacology, chemistry, biology, and medicine to understand how toxins interact with biological systems, cause harm, and can be detected, treated, or prevented. This article explores the fundamental principles of toxicology, including classification of toxic agents, mechanisms of toxicity, routes of exposure, dose-response relationships, and risk assessment. Additionally, it discusses modern analytical techniques, regulatory aspects, and applications in clinical, environmental, and forensic settings. By highlighting both experimental and applied toxicology, this review emphasizes the importance of toxicological studies in safeguarding human health and ensuring environmental safety[1].

Priya S. Nair

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