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What We Knew Versus What We Know Now: Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes has long been recognized as a chronic condition affecting blood sugar regulation. Historically, it was classified primarily into two types: Type 1, an autoimmune disorder leading to insulin deficiency, and type 2, which results from insulin resistance. In the past, treatment options were limited to insulin therapy for type 1 and lifestyle changes along with oral medications for type 2. However, recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease have dramatically shifted our approach. We now know that both genetic and environmental factors contribute significantly to the onset of diabetes. Innovations in diabetes management include continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and newer medications that target specific pathways, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Additionally, the understanding of diabetes as a multifaceted disease, including its connection to cardiovascular health and neurodegeneration, has prompted a broader approach to treatment and prevention. Ongoing research continues to evolve the landscape of diabetes care.

Neema Dumo*

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