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ISSN ONLINE(2320-9801) PRINT (2320-9798)

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Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Networks

A. Nikoukar1, I. S. Amiri2*, J. Ali2
  1. Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  2. Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Abstract

A system of Half-Panda microring resonator (MRR) is proposed to generate ultra-short nanometer (nm) optical tweezers. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Molecules or photons transport within the system when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. Nano optical tweezers can be generated and used to many applications in optical communication networks. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 9 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.

Keywords
Half-Panda, Nano optical tweezers; Optical Communication

INTRODUCTION
Nano optical tweezers technique has become a powerful tool for manipulation of micrometer-sized particles/photons in three spatial dimensions [1-6]. Dark-Gaussian soliton controls within a semiconductor add/drop multiplexer has numerous applications in optical communication [7-10]. For communication’s application purposes, the optical tweezers can be used to generate entangled photon within the proposed network system [11-14].
MRR’s are type of Fabry-Perot resonators which can be readily integrated in array geometries to implement many useful functions [15-21]. Amiri et al. have proposed the new design of secured packet switching, where this method uses nonlinear behaviors of light in MRR which can be used for high-capacity and security switching [22-24]. Recently quantum network shows promising usage for the perfect network security [25-29]. Amiri et al. have shown that the continuous wavelength can be generated by using a soliton pulse in a MRR [30-38]. The secret key codes are generated via the entangled photon pair which is used to security purposes using the dark soliton pulse propagation [39- 43]. In this study, a nano molecular cryptography system based on optical soliton is developed.

II. THEORETICAL MODELING
The multiplexer half-Panda system shown in figure (1) [44-48]. Dynamic behavior of the optical tweezers is appeared when the Gaussian soliton is input into the add port of the system [49-53]. The ring resonator is connected to the add-drop interferometer system with radius (Rring) of 10 ?m and coupling coefficient (κ) of 0.5. The effective area of the coupling section is Aeff=25 ?m2.
The input optical field (Ei1) of the dark soliton and add optical field (Ei2) of the Gaussian pulses are given by [54-59]
                 (1)
         (2)
In equations (1) and (2), A and z are the optical field amplitude and propagation distance, respectively [60-62]. T is defined as soliton pulse propagation time in a frame moving at the group velocity [63, 64], T = t-β1×z, where β1 and β2 are the coefficients of the linear and second order terms of Taylor expansion of the propagation constant [65-67]. 2 2 0 L T ? D ? represents the dispersion length of the soliton pulse [68, 69]. The carrier frequency of the soliton is ω0.
When a soliton pulse keeps its temporal width invariance as it propagates, it is called a temporal soliton [70-72]. o T is known for the intensity of soliton peak as ? 2 ? 2 0 ? /?T [73, 74]. A balance should be achieved between the dispersion length (LD) and the nonlinear length (LNL= (1/γφNL) [75-77], where γ and φNL are the coupling loss of the field amplitude and nonlinear phase shift [78, 79]. They are the length scale over which dispersive or nonlinear effects makes the beam becomes wider or narrower [80, 81]. It means that the LD=LNL should be satisfied [82, 83]. Within the nonlinear medium, the refractive index (n) changes according to given following equation (3) [84-86],
         (3)
n0 and n2 are the linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, respectively [87, 88]. I and P represent the optical intensity and optical power, respectively [89]. The effective mode core area of the device is given by Aeff [90]. In this work, the iterative method is inserted to obtain the needed results. Two complementary optical circuits of a ring-resonator adddrop filter can be expressed by the equations (4) and (5) [91, 92].
         (4)
         (5)
where Et and Ed represent the optical fields of the throughput and drop ports respectively [93-95]. β=kneff is the propagation constant [96, 97], neff is the effective refractive index of the waveguide and the circumference of the ring is Lad=2?Rad [98]. Rad is the radius of the ring. The phase constant can be simplified as Φ=βL [99, 100]. The chaotic noise cancellation can be managed by using the specific parameters of the add-drop device in which required signals can be retrieved by the specific users [101, 102]. The waveguide (ring resonator) loss is ?=0.5 dBmm-1. The fractional coupler intensity loss is ?= 0.1 [103, 104]. In the case of add-drop device, the nonlinear refractive index is neglected . The output fields, Et1 and Et2 at the throughput and drop parts of the Half-Panda are expressed by [105-107]
   (6)
The electric field of the small ring on the right side of the Half-Panda system is given as:
                            (8)
where ring ring L ? 2? R and ring R is the radius of the ring and the 1 1 x ? 1?? , 2 2 x ? 1?? , 3 1 x ? 1?? , 4 2 x ? 1?? , 1 1 y ? 1?? dna 2 2 y ? 1?? [108-110].

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The add-drop optical filter has radius of Rad = 15 ?m where the coupling coefficients are κ1 = 0.35 and κ2 = 0.25. The dark solitons are propagating inside the Half-Panda system with central wavelengths of ?0 = 1.4 ?m, 1.45 ?m, 1.5 ?m, 1.55 ?m, 1.6 ?m. In order to make the system associate with the practical device (InGaAsP/InP), the selected parameters of the system are fixed to 3.34 0 n ? and 17 2 2.5 10? n ? ? .
The signals can be controlled and tuned by power’s variation of the input Gaussian laser pulse. Figure (2) shows the generation of nanometer optical tweezers. Here the input powers of the optical dark soliton pulses and Gaussian laser beam are 2W and 2.5W respectively.
Filtered and clear optical tweezers are seen in figure (3) where the peaks have FWHM and FSR of 9 nm and 50 nm respectively. In the case of communication networks, generation of narrower signals is recommended. Therefore soliton signals can be used in optical communication where the capacity of the output signals can be improved by generation of peaks with smaller FWHM [111-113]. The sensitivity of the sensing systems such as optical sensors and ring resonators can be improved significantly by generation of peaks with wider space or bigger FSR [114-120].
In operation, the computing data can be modulated and input into the system via a wavelength router. Schematic of the wavelength router is shown in figure (4), in which quantum cryptography for internet security can be obtained

IV. CONCLUSION
Nanometer optical tweezers generation is presented for cryptography and secured optical communication. Nano optical tweezers can be generated by the dark soliton propagation in a Half-Panda system. Suitable parameters of the ring system such as the input power, coupling coefficient, ring radius, coupler loss and effective core area are used. The generated optical tweezers can be easily transmitted via a communication network system.

Figures at a glance
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
 

References