Jumanne Ngohengo*
Department of Social Sciences, University of Dodoma, Kikuyu City, Tanzania
Received: 04-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JSS-22-59847; Editor assigned: 06- Apr-2022, Pre QC No. JSS -22-59847 (PQ); Reviewed: 20- Apr-2022, QC No. JSS -22-59847; Revised: 22-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JSSS -22-59847 (A); Published: 29-Apr-2022, DOI: 10.4172/ JSS.8.3.e001
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The concept of social justice started in the nineteenth century, with origins in voluntary philanthropy and grassroots organizing. Long before then, however, there were responses to social needs, chiefly from public alms-houses, private charities, and religious institutions. As social services responded to child welfare concerns related to widespread poverty and reliance on child labor in industrial settings, the effects of the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression of the early 20th century pushed social work to become a more defined discipline. Individuals, communities, groups, cities, and society as a whole are the centre of social work, an academic subject and practice-based profession that aims to address basic needs to improve social functioning, self-determination, collective responsibility, overall wellness, and overall well-being [1-3]. The ability of an individual to execute social roles within their own self, their local social surroundings, and society at large is described as social competence.
To work individually from across the life cycle, participate with client systems, conduct assessments, and develop interventions to improve the lives of people, personal problems, and bring about change in society, social workers use sociology, psychology, human physiology, political science, wellness, community development, law, and economics. Micro-work, which means working directly with individuals or groups, and macro-work, which involves engaging with groups and fostering change on a larger scale through social policy, is mainly two divides in social work practice. In addition to traditional social work education, a few universities started to offer social work management courses in the late 1970s to prepare students for management positions in social and human service companies [4-6].
Social services are a group of government services focused on providing support and assistance to specific groups, more prominently the poor. Individuals, especially in private groups, or government entities may provide or administer them. As countries with significant welfare often provide a wide range of social services, and are linked to the concept of welfare and the welfare state. Social services are used to address a society's wide range of requirements. Prior to the industrial revolution, social services were largely limited to private entities and charities, and their coverage was likewise limited. Social services are now widely viewed as an "essential function" of society and a means for governments to solve societal concerns on a global scale.
Governments' provision of social services is based on universal human rights, liberal principles, and also religious and cultural beliefs. Within societies, the availability and breadth of social services vary greatly. Families, children, youth, elders, women, the sick, and the disabled are the main groups served through social services. Public education, welfare, infrastructure, mail, social work, food banks, universal health care, police, fire services, public transportation, and public housing are all features of social services.
Universities, colleges, mental health clinics, elder centers, elected offices, outpatient clinics, jails, army, corporations, and a variety of other public and private institutions all employ social workers. Some are dedicated to assisting clients who really are dealing with a handicap, a life-threatening sickness, or a socioeconomic problem like insufficient housing, unemployment, or substance misuse. Social workers can also help families that are dealing with major domestic matters, including child or spousal abuse. Some social workers undertake research, advocate for better public services, design systems, or help with planning and policy development. Many social workers specialized in dealing with a certain group or in a particular area [7-9].
The basic goal of social workers is to provide excellent public service by assisting needy individuals in addressing, controlling, and solving a variety of social problems. Social workers should always prioritize public service over personal gain and self-interest. Social workers use their skills and experience to assist the client in overcoming major social issues such as drug addiction, child abuse, unemployment, and illegal activity. Social workers frequently offer their expert services for free to community organizations.
Social workers work to promote social justice and counter injustice. They assist vulnerable persons and oppressed groups with both social support and resources. Poverty, education, housing, unemployment, and discrimination are the primary targets of their social change efforts. They increase awareness of social justice concerns and encourage people to appreciate cultural diversity and genetic diversity. Clients of social workers have access to essential services, resources, and information. They endorse for equal opportunity and a healthy client [10].
Social services, such as police and firefighters, may be provided to the entire population, or they may be restricted to specific groups or sections of society. Older adults, children and families, and people with disabilities, including both physical and mental disorders, are examples of social service beneficiaries. Depending on the country and its social assistance programs, as well as the existence of non-governmental organizations, they may include drug addicts, young criminals, refugees, and seeking asylum.
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