An Assessment of Angiosperm Taxa at the Village Jamtala Under Sadar Upazila of Capai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh

Abstract

The present paper focused on an assessment of angiosperm diversity at the village Jamtala under Sadar Upazila of Capai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh conducted during December 2013 to June 2015. A total of 151 species belonging to 131 genera under 64 families were recorded. Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) is represented by 51 families, 105 genera and 123 species, whereas Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) by 13 families, 26 genera and 28 species. These comprise of 59 herbs, 45 trees, 29 shrubs, 18 climbers belong to 64 families. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, voucher number and family were provided.

Keywords

Diversity, Angiosperm Flora, Jamtala, Chapai Nawabganj District.

Introduction

Jamtala is a village under Nawabganj Sadar upazila of Chapai Nawabganj in the Division of Rajshahi Bangladesh. Nawabganj upazila area is 451.78 km2 located in between 24°36′N 88°16′E Coordinates: 24°36′N 88°16′E. It is bounded by Gomastapur upazila on the north, on the north-east Nachole, on the west Shibganj and on the south-east Rajshahi Zila. Population: Total 530592; male 254629, female 275963; Muslim 507483, Hindu 20644, Buddhist 3, Christian 1239 and others 1223. Literacy rate: Average literacy 46.3%; male 44.8%, female 47.7%. Main sources of income: Agriculture 40%, non-agricultural labourer 2.86%, Rice mils 62% and others mils 208%, commerce 16.87%, transport and communication 2.14%, service 26.26%, construction 5.80%, and others 12.65%. Ownership of agricultural land: Landowner 60.36%, landless 40.64%; agricultural landowner: urban 47.12% and rural 60.64%. Main Crops: Paddy, jute, sugarcane, wheat, betel leaf, oil seeds, pulses. Main Fruits: Mango, jackfruit, litchi, black berry, palm, coconut, watermelon and boroi. Water bodies Main River: Mohanonda. Manufacturing Industries: Silk mill, textile mill, cold storage and aluminium factory are different types of manufacturing industries are present. Main exports Mango, Sugar, jute hessian, banana, pineapple, onion, garlic, vegetables. Access to electricity all the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 75% of the dwelling households have access to electricity. Sources of drinking water: Tube-well 83.72%, tap 10.37%, pond 0.23% and others 5.68%. Health centres Upazila hospital 2, health complex 1, satellite clinic and family welfare centre 4, maternity 1, dispensary more than 50, community clinic above 30. Operationally important NGOs are CARE, BRAC, ASA, Proshika, IDE, Dasco, Nijera Kari, Thengamara Mahila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS), Trinamul, Vision, Proyash, Manobic Unnayan Society, Swanirvar Artha-Samajik Unnayan Sangstha, Kolyani Mohila Sangsad, Amnura Santal Mission, BIKE, BISE, BIDOS, BARIO etc.1. at a glance.pdf "All about Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics"(PDF).2. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planing Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh [1].

The climate of this village is generally tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by high temperatures, heavy monsoon, moderate rainfall and high humidity. The hot season commences early in March and continues till the middle of July. The maximum mean temperature observed is about 32 to 36°C (90 to 97°F) during the months of April, May, June and July and the minimum temperature recorded in January is about 7 to 16°C (45 to 61°F). The highest rainfall is observed during the months of monsoon.

The annual rainfall in the district is about 1,448 millimeters (57.0 in).

A number of floristic works have been done in Bangladesh including [2-20]. But no floristic studies are found in the study area. Moreover, the area supports a large number of angiosperm species including herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees. Like other parts of the country, the floristic elements of this area is in risk because of various anthropogenic activities including irrigation and modern agriculture, population settlements and firewood collection and also habit degradation. In order to make a documentation of the angiosperm taxa of the area, an attempt has been made tom prepare a preliminary assessment of the angiosperm plant species occurring in Jamtala village under Sadar Upazila of Capai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods

The research work is based on the fresh materials collected through twenty five field trips to the area during December 2013 to June 2015. Botanical specimens were collected, and field identification of the collected specimens was confirmed comparing with herbarium specimens at the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University. In some cases, standard literature, such as and were consulted for identification purposes. The specimens were mounted and deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University for future reference [21-51].

Results and Discussion

The present paper focused on an assessment of angiosperm diversity at the village Jamtala under Sadar Upazila of Capai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh conducted during December 2013 to June 2015. A total of 151 species belonging to 131 genera under 64 families were recorded. Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) is represented by 51 families, 105 genera and 123 species, whereas Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) by 13 families, 26 genera and 28 species. These comprise of 59 herbs, 45 trees, 29 shrubs, 18 climbers belong to 64 families. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae are the largest family in Magnoliopsida represented by 8species in each and Liliopsida, Areaceae, Poaceae is the largest family with 5species (Tables 1 and 2). Amaranthaceae, Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Arecaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae are the dominant families with high species diversity. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, voucher number and family were provided of 151 species recorded here, herbs are represented by 59 (39.07%), trees by 45 (29.80%), shrubs by 29 (19.05%), climber by 18 (11.92%) (Figure 1).

Table 1: Showing the families of the plant species recorded.

Table 2: An Asessment of Angiosperm Taxa at the village Jamtala under Sadar Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh.

Figure 1: Analysis of data based on habit showed the Angiosperm Flora in Pie Chart.

Based on this study, a preliminary list of angiosperm flora in Jamtala Village under Sadar Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh was made that includes 151 angiosperm species under 131 genera and 64 families (Table 1). The collected information is comparable with the result of other studies in Bangladesh. A total of 243 species belonging to 195 genera under 95 families were recorded in Khagrachhari district [2]. A total of 535 species belonged to 370 genera and 103 families are documented in Tekhnaf Wildlife Sanctuary [19]. A total of 425 species belonging to 321 genera 108 families are recorded in Rajshahi district [52,53]. A total of 302 species belonging to 243 genera 84 families are recorded in Bangladesh Police Academy, Rajshahi [11]. No published information recorded on the diversity of angiosperm plant species in Jamtala Village under Sadar Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Photographs of important angiosperm plant species in the study area.

Distribution of angiosperm species in the families shows variation. The family Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae is represented by 8 species in each. Solanaceae is represented by 6 species. Each of Amaranthaceae, Casalpinaceae, Arraceae and Poaceae is represented by 5 species. Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Rutaceae, and Lamiaceae are represented by 4 species. A single species in each was recorded by 34 families while two to six species in each was recorded by 26 families (Table 1).

Medicinally important weeds: The important medicinal weed species at Jamtala village under Chapai Nawabganj district were highlighted. A total of 34 medicinal plant species belonging to 32 genera and 25 families were collected and recorded for their use in various ailments. Most of the local people in the study area are poor are illiterate. In one hand, these people are out of the reach of modern medicines and on other hand, the market price of most available medicines are very expensive. As a result, these medicinal plants are used by them to cure following the diseases, especially for abscess, asthma, abortion, cough, cold, small pox, dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, eczema, fever, and itches, jaundice, menstrual disease, paralysis, piles, skin diseases, snake-bite, toothache, worm, wound and others (Table 3).

Table 3: Medicinal angiosperm weed species are used by local people at Jamtala village of Chapai Nawabganj District.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the local people of Jamtala village under sadar upazila of Chapai Nawabganj district for their cooperation and help during the research work.

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