International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

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ISSN ONLINE(2320-9801) PRINT (2320-9798)

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Multiple Channel Heat Exchanger Simulation in Lithium Ion Batteries

Narinder Dev Singh, Nishant
Dept. of EEE, Arni University, H.P., India
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Abstract

Research work is carried out design the lithium ion battery with heat exchanger embedded in the system to remove the excess amount of heat generated during the transfer of the charge. Six heat channels were implemented in the design to remove the heat. Water is used as the coolant in the model. Velocity and pressure components in all the designated channels were computed for the flow of coolant and also the heat distribution over the model.

Keywords
FEM, LIB, Heat Exchanger, Channel

INTRODUCTION
Advancement of the technologies ranging from portable electronic system to fuel efficient vehicles depends upon the power offered by the batteries. Nowadays various rechargeable batteries are available in market, among them lithium based batteries attained a highest position in various aspects such performance, durability etc. Various features of Lithium-Ion-Batteries (LIB) are excellent power and energy density, no memory effect, high rate of power discharge, and broad temperature range of operation. LIB in small size having dimension of AA-size are widely used to power small portable electronic devices which provide high voltage greater than 4.0 V and high energy density ~265 (Wh)L-1. LIB have 4-5 times higher power density than lead acid batteries, but thermal stability problem must be overcome [1].
Heat accumulation inside the battery is the main concern. Heat generated in the cell if not removed sufficiently may cause the rise in cell temperature. This may lead to the cell failure accompanied by ignition of battery active material. Therefore battery thermal management is the main factor determining its performance, life, and safety. Irreversible process of ohmic heating caused by current transfer across internal resistances and from reversible entropy heat change from cell electrochemical reactions causes the generation of heat in batteries. Thermal management in the batteries are done using forced air cooling and liquid cooling using water-glycol based coolants.
Computer based simulation has been done to design thermal management models for LIB and there optimization has been done. This field has been researched and many models has been purposed, for example, one-dimensional thermal model [2-3], which are extended to design three-dimensional models [4-7]. Also the coupled electrochemical models [8-11] were developed to study the heat transfer and thermal management. In this research paper three dimensional model of LIB has been developed using finite element method (FEM) based tool to give better insight of heat removal implementing liquid coolant.

THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL
FEM based approach is used to model the multiple channels heat removal model of LIB utilizing water as coolant. Structural dimensions of having length of 10 cm, width 10 cm, and thickness of 0.6 cm are taken for the battery. It consists of three functional blocks: battery section, cooling fins, and 6 channels acting as heat exchanger. The heat exchanger channels are having width 0.2 cm and thickness of 0.08 cm. LiPF6 is used as electrolyte and electrodes LixC6 (cathode) and LixMn2O4 (anode) are used in the simulation. Cooling fins are taken to store the fluid to pump in the channel heat exchanger having dimensions of length 9.6 cm, width 0.8 cm, and thickness of 0.6 cm. Design layout of the structure created in software is shown in Fig. 1.
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CONCLUSION
The research work is carried out to simulate the LIB model with six heat exchanger channels to remove the heat from it. Water was used as coolant in the channel. Velocity and pressure components of the coolant in all the channels were computed. Also the thermal variation on the surface of the LIB is computed. It is seen that the LID model shows prominent results which can be implemented to design the small LIB with heat exchangers.

References
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