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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

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ISSN ONLINE(2278-8875) PRINT (2320-3765)

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Performance Evaluation of Serrated Micro Strip Patch Antenna Using Different Substrates

1P.Rakesh kumar ,2K.Khaja Babu ,2T.Ravi Teja,2S.Janaki Ram, 2G.V.Surendra
  1. Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, LBRC of Engineering-Autonomous, Mylavaram, AP, India
  2. Project Students, Department of ECE, LBRC of Engineering-Autonomous, Mylavaram, AP, India
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Abstract

In present days technology made things smaller and smaller. We have different application in microwave frequency range such as GSM, Bluetooth, and WLAN etc.in order to use this applications we need different antenna, but as technology is being advanced the demand of making an antenna which operates in all the above applications is required. To fulfill the demand of above stated antenna, a design of micro strip antenna which works under multi frequency of operation using serrated structures has been introduced. This antenna maintains a maximum gain of 8dB. The designed antennahas a small overall size of 13×13×0.67 cm, and operates over thefrequency ranges, 1.45 GHz,-1.85 GHz, 2.10–2.70 GHz, and 2.82–3.74 GHz suitable for GSM 1.8GHz, Bluetooth 2.4GHZ, WLAN 2.4 GHz and WiMAX 3.5 GHzapplications. Experimental results show that the antenna gives radiation patterns and good antenna gains over the operating bands.

Keywords
serrated structures, WLAN, Bluetooth, and GSM.

INTRODUCTION
Microwaves are used in various fields in our daily life. At micro wave frequencies the physical size of the antenna is very small, enough to produce desired directivity. Various applications like Bluetooth, Wifi, Wlan, etc requires an antenna which consumes very less space and which can be easily mounted in communication system. One such design is micro strip patch antenna.
Recently, the demand for the design of amicro strip patch antenna with triple- or multiband operation has increased since such an antenna is vital for integrating more than one communication system in a single compact system to effectively promote the portability of a modern personal communication system. For this demand, the developed antenna must not only be with a triple/multiband operation but also have a simple structure, compact size, and easy integration with the circuit. Among the known triple/multiband antenna prototypes, serrated structured patch antenna is widely used because of its ease of integration, low cost, and versatile structure for exciting wide impedance bandwidth, dual- or multi resonance mode, and desirable radiation characteristics.
In this paper a design of micro strip patch antenna which works at multiple frequencies is proposed. Micro strip patch antenna uses patches on the top, a di electric substrate at middle and a conductive layer ground as bottom layer. The required design is obtained by using serrated structure, which means the patch is reformed in to different shapes. The dimensions of the patch, length and breadth and height of substrate are key requirements for a design of micro strip patch antenna.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A micro strip antenna consists of a two parallel conducting layers separated by a single thin di electric substrate. The lower conducting substance acts as ground plane and the upper conductor acts as radiator. Larger ground plane gives better performance but off course makes antenna big size. Micro strip antenna has different shapes like rectangle, circular, square, triangle, for better performance we use rectangle micro strip patch antenna. The resonant frequency is determined by resonance frequency. The difference between electrical and physical size is mainly depends on PCB thickness and di electric constant. For the performance evaluation different patch that we used here is quartz glass, Taconic, RD 4003, quartz crystal and RT duriod 5880. The size of the substrate determines the performance of the micro strip patch antenna.
In this paper the substrate dimensions taken along x- axis and y- axis is 13 cm. the substrate thickness is 0.67 cm. The coaxial inner and outer radius is 0.104 cm and 0.354 cm. For a good performance, a substrate having low di electric constant is preferred because I provides good efficiency, larger band width and good radiation.

SUBSTRATES
Different substances are used in this present simulation work and their properties are mentioned as follows. RT/duroid 5880LZ filled PTFE composites are designed for exacting strip line and micro strip circuit applications. The RT-duroid is a low density, lightweight material for high performance weight sensitive applications. The very low dielectric constant of RT/duroid 5880LZ laminates is uniform from panel to panel and is constant over a wide frequency range. Applications include airborne antenna system, lightweight feed networks, Military radar systems, Missile guidance systems and Point-topoint digital radio antennas. The RT-duroid substrate of dielectric constant 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009 is taken in this present work.
Roger RO 4003 series high frequency circuit materials are designed for performance sensitive, high volume application, and ideal for broad band applications. This material is a rigid, thermoset laminate that is capable of being processed by automated handling systems and scrubbing equipment used for copper surface preparation. Quartz glass applications mainly include poly silicon substrates for LCD and fiber optics, substrates for high frequency RF applications, micro fluidic substrates, Nano imprint templates etc.

SIMULATION RESULTS
image Figure (1) – HFSS simulated design using serrated structures.
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Table (1) substrate materials with permittivity
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Table (2)- gains when different substrates used
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Figure (2) Return loss of different substrates
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Table (3)-return loss of RT duriod 5880
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Table (4)-return loss forTable (5) - return loss for quartz taconi RF-35(tm)
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Table (5) - return loss for quartz
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Table (6) – return loss of roger RD4003 (tm)
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Table (7) – return loss for rubber hard
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Figure (2) – 2D gains of different substrates.
The figure (2) gives the gains of different substrates with different di electric constant values. The gains of different substances are as follows 8 DB, 3.8 DB, 7.3DB, 4.9DB, 3.2 DB, 8DB for different di electric constants as 2.2, 3.78, 3, 3.65, 3.78, and 2.2 respectively
Radiation pattern is a mathematical function or graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a function of space coordinates. Radiation properties include power flux density, radiation intensity, field strength, directivity phase or polarization. In practice, the three dimensional pattern is measured and recorded in a series of two dimensional patterns. For most practical application, a few plots of for some particular values of Phi , plus a few plots as a functions of phi for some particular values of , give most of the useful and needed information
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Figure (3) – 3d gain
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Figure (4)- radiation pattern 1
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Figure (5) – radiation patter 2

CONCLUSIONS
Performance of micro strip serrated patch antenna based on different materials is investigated and their performance characteristics are shown and tabulated in this present work. We observed that by increasing the di electric constant of substrate material the band width is decreasing and the gain values are decreased.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors like to express their thanks to the management ofLBRCE for their continuous support and encouragement during this work. Especially authors like to express their thanks to Dr.E.V.Prasad Director, LBRC of Engineering for providing Excellent R&D for the completion of this work.

References