Research Article Open Access

A Proposal to Standardize Permeation by Iontophoresis Technic without Applying Inversion of Phase

Abstract

Iontophoresis is a non-invasive technique that uses an externally applied small electrical potential difference to provide a controlled way to increase the transdermal transference of a variety of active agents with poor absorption/permeation through the skin. The aims of this research were (1) to determine if the inversion of phase was indicated during the performance of the iontophoresis; (2) standardize the time for ionization and (3) to propose the adequate frequency and polarity to reach different skin layers. Observing the depth and intensity of China ink (pH 7.8 + 0.2) transferred through the layers of ex vivo human tissues from the abdominal area, it was possible to show that the inversion of phases was not a viable methodology to increase the permeation of active agents, and it could even decrease the quality of permeation of a conduction that started correctly.

Rafael de Castro Ferreira, Cláudia Rossetti, David Feder, Ligia Ajaime Azzalis,Fabio Ferreira Perazzo, Virginia Berlanga Campos Junqueira, Edimar Cristiano Pereira, Paschoal Rossetti Filho, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca

To read the full article Download Full Article | Visit Full Article