Short Communication Open Access

Chemoresistance in Cancer: Mechanisms, Molecular Drivers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Chemoresistance remains one of the most significant barriers to successful cancer treatment and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies, many tumors either exhibit intrinsic resistance or acquire resistance during treatment, leading to disease progression and relapse. The mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are multifactorial and involve genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, drug efflux pump overexpression, tumor microenvironment interactions, cancer stem cell persistence, and enhanced DNA repair mechanisms. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights the role of tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion in promoting resistance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving chemoresistance, discusses clinical implications, and highlights novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, including nanotechnology-based drug delivery, combination therapies, immunomodulation, and precision oncology approaches. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for improving treatment efficacy and patient outcomes in oncology.

Lucas Reinhardt

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