Commentary Open Access

Chromatographic Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Analysis: Principles, Methods, and Applications

Abstract

Chromatographic techniques are pivotal in analytical chemistry, offering highly effective methods for separation, identification, and quantification of components in complex mixtures. These techniques are widely utilized in pharmaceutical, chemical, environmental, and clinical research for quality control, drug analysis, and molecular characterization. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are among the most employed methods. Chromatography relies on differential interactions between sample components and stationary and mobile phases, enabling selective separation and accurate analysis. This article provides a detailed overview of chromatographic techniques, covering principles, methodologies, applications, advantages, and challenges in pharmaceutical and chemical analysis.

Vikram S. Nair