Commentary Open Access

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): A Cornerstone of Analytical Chemistry

Abstract

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a highly versatile and widely utilized analytical technique employed in pharmaceuticals, environmental science, food analysis, and chemical research. It allows for the separation, identification, and quantification of complex mixtures of chemical compounds with high sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility. HPLC relies on the interaction between analytes and a stationary phase, mediated by a mobile phase under high pressure, to achieve separation based on chemical and physical properties. Modern HPLC systems are equipped with sophisticated detectors such as UVVis, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry, enabling advanced applications including impurity profiling, pharmacokinetics, and quality control. This article reviews the principles, instrumentation, methodologies, applications, challenges, and future developments of HPLC, highlighting its pivotal role in analytical and pharmaceutical sciences.

Elena V. Petrova