Mini Review Open Access

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Spectrum, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a group of progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of structure and function of neurons. These conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), pose significant challenges to global health due to their increasing prevalence and lack of curative therapies. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and current therapeutic approaches for major neurodegenerative diseases. It also explores recent advances in molecular biology, biomarkers, and emerging treatments such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and disease-modifying drugs. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent and manage these debilitating conditions.

Elena Petrova

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