Commentary Open Access

Pharmaceutical Excipients: Roles, Types, and Applications in Drug Formulation

Abstract

Pharmaceutical excipients are inert substances incorporated into drug formulations to aid in the manufacturing process, improve stability, enhance bioavailability, and facilitate patient compliance. Although they do not possess intrinsic therapeutic activity, excipients play a critical role in determining the safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceutical products. Common excipients include diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, surfactants, and preservatives. With the increasing complexity of drug formulations, selection and characterization of excipients have become a vital aspect of pharmaceutical development. Regulatory agencies emphasize rigorous testing, quality control, and compatibility studies to ensure excipient safety and performance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical excipients, their classification, functions, applications, and regulatory considerations.

Ananya R. Mehta

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