Commentary Open Access

Pharmaceutical Formulation: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Drug Development

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) within the body, providing critical insights into drug behavior, efficacy, and safety. Understanding pharmacokinetics is essential for dose optimization, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug-drug interaction evaluation, and formulation development. Various analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and bioanalytical methods, are used to quantify drug concentrations in biological matrices. This article reviews the fundamental principles, methodologies, applications, and emerging trends in pharmacokinetics, highlighting its role in drug discovery, regulatory approval, and clinical practice.

Rahul V. Menon

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