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Poultry Feed Synthesis and Characterization from Cake of Castor Seed and By-Products of Cassava Root

Abstract

The world population is rapidly increasing rapidly increasing world population is demanding more food. Addressing this demand requires growth in agricultural outputs including eatable animals (livestock, poultry, and fish) and, their products. However, these animals by themselves need food, which is usually competing with human food. Besides, some animals and human foods are industrially competitive, Which makes feeds less available and costly. As a result, the cost of animals and animal products is drastically increasing. Thus, to address these trade-offs either optimize the consumption of the feeds or looking for alternative feeds is required for poultry feeding. This study focuses on Poultry feed synthesis and characterization from castor seed and cassava root cakes. Cake left after solvent extraction was detoxified with a chemical method (lime treatment 10 gm/kg cake) followed by a physical method (autoclaving at 15 psi for 30 min) and the ricin level was quantified with UV spectroscopy. The cassava cake was prepared by extracting the starch from fresh cassava root through sedimentation and filtration process and the cyanide content of the cassava root was determined by UV spectroscopy. The result showed that insignificant ricin was found in castor cake and the cyanide content of the cassava root was 10 mg/kg. The poultry feed was synthesized by mixing each raw material according to poultry feed preparation FAO standards. Proximate analysis of the feed was Moisture content, 10%, carbohydrate 59.1%, crude protein 21%, fat content 2.2%, ash content 4.5%, fiber content 3.4%. The prepared feed was checked for palatability on broiler chickens and their average daily gains were calculated. For optimization, the average daily gain was taken as a response with three level factors: Castor cake, cassava cake, and maize dosages. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with Box Behnken design was used to optimize the operating parameters. The optimization result showed that 25% castor cake, 40% cassava by-productss and 10% maize were the optimum condition which gave 76.83 gm an average daily gain.

Department of Chemical Engineering, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

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