Editorial Open Access

Quantum Electrodynamics: Foundations and Modern Perspectives

Abstract

Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is one of the most successful and precise theories in modern physics, describing the interaction between light and matter at the quantum level. It integrates the principles of quantum mechanics with special relativity to explain how charged particles interact through the exchange of photons. Developed primarily during the mid-20th century, QED has provided remarkably accurate predictions, including the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift. This article presents an overview of the theoretical foundations, mathematical structure, and applications of QED. It also highlights the role of perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams, and renormalization in resolving infinities inherent in early formulations. Furthermore, the article discusses contemporary developments and applications of QED in atomic, molecular, and condensed matter physics. Through its predictive power and experimental verification, QED remains a cornerstone of quantum field theory and a model for understanding fundamental interactions in nature.

Anil Kumar Sharma

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