Review Article Open Access

Taxonomic review and typification of Narcissus syriacus and Narcissus corcyrensis (Amaryllidaceae) within the Narcissus tazetta complex

Abstract

 Narcissus tazetta is a morphologically variable species encompassing numerous taxa historically described based on minor differences. Many of these were introduced in the 19th century, often lacking ecological context or robust comparative analysis. This study re-evaluates two such taxa - Narcissus syriacus and Narcissus corcyrensis, through combined analysis of their protologues, iconography, herbarium specimens and targeted field investigations in the Maltese Islands. Field observations of plants matching perfectly N. syriacus in Malta suggest that its reduced size, narrow leaves, and early flowering are phenotypic responses to shallow, nutrient-poor soils and seasonal aridity, rather than traits indicative of distinct genetic speciation. Likewise, the protologue of N. corcyrensis, based on a single plant cultivated out of its natural habitat, describes features resembling a stunted form of N. tazetta subsp. italicus, rather than a discrete, stable taxon, which was never substantiated again, and remained an issue of uncertainty and confusion. Findings support the conclusion that both N. syriacus and N. corcyrensis fall within the natural variation of Narcissus tazetta and do not merit species level recognition. If taxonomic distinction is necessary, varietal rank is more appropriate. This work highlights the importance of integrating classical taxonomy with field-based evidence in resolving long-standing nomenclatural issues within polymorphic species complexes.

 Stephen Mifsud