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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

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ISSN ONLINE(2320-9801) PRINT (2320-9798)

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Multiple Rectangular Patch Based Antenna Design Using FEM

Rajvir Singh1 and Randhir Singh2
  1. M.Tech, Department ECE, Shri Sai College of Engineering and Technology, Pathankot, India
  2. HOD, Dept ECE, Shri Sai College of Engineering and Technology, Pathankot, India
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Abstract

Research work is carried out to design and simulate microstrip patch antenna. Finite Element Method (FEM) based software is used to model the antenna. PCB is used as the substrate and perfect electric conductor (PEC) as the radiation material. Antenna is simulated for frequency range of 1.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. Minimum return loss i.e. S11 of 10dB is obtained for the frequency of 1.9 GHz.

Keywords
Microstrip, PEC, FEM, antenna.

INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in communication system due to their light weight, reliability, and low cost. Communication plays an important role in the world and almost all the communication system are changing rapidly from wired to wireless. Microstrip patch antenna can be integrated with strip line feed network and active devices. The application of microstrip antennas started in early 1970’s for missiles guidance. Varieties of array configuration of rectangular and circular microstrip resonant patches have been used extensively. Current revolution in electronic circuit miniaturization brought about by developments in large scale integration is the major contribution factor for advancement of microstrip antennas [1-8]. These antennas are very popular for microwave and mm wave applications because they offer several distinct advantages over conventional microwave antennas. Some of the advantages are small size, easy to fabricate, light weight, and conformability with the hosting surfaces of vehicles, aircraft, missiles, and direct integration with the deriving electronics. The schematic of microstrip patch antennas consists of radiating conducting patch, a conducting ground plane, a dielectric substrate sandwiched between the two, and a feed connected to the patch through the substrate as shown in Fig. 1.

II. GEOMETRICAL PARAMETER OF ANTENNA
The antenna parameters of this antenna can be calculated by the transmission line method. Width of the Patch can be determined by the equation given as [9]
image
image

III. DESIGN PROCEDURE
Finite Element Method (FEM) based approach is taken to carry out the simulation. Table 1 shows the dimensional and material parameters of the designed patch antenna. Geometry of the design antenna is shown in Fig. 2.
After designing the geometry of the antenna, it is subjected to FEM analysis with maximum element size of 22.8 mm and the stub of the antenna is having maximum element size of 0.5mm. Figure 3 shows the mesh formation of the modelled design.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The antenna was simulated with final patch. Figure 4 shows the S parameter plot for the simulated antenna for frequency range from 1.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. The return loss of the antenna obtained is -10 dB at the center frequency of 1.9 GHz. 3D view of the far filed graph obtained for the designed antenna is shown in Fig. 5. The maximum value of the field radiation is 0.0662 V/m. Line graph of the far filed is shown in Fig. 6. Radiation of the em wave is along the 90o to the antenna plane.

V. CONCLUSION
The research work is carried out to model and simulate the rectangular microstrip patch antenna using finite element analysis. The designed antenna is simulated for frequency range from 1.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. A dip in the S parameter of the value of -10 dB is obtained at frequency 1.9 GHz. The proposed geometry is designed using pcb as a dielectric between the ground plane and patch. These features are very useful for wireless communication equipment’s used worldwide.

Tables at a glance
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Table 1
 

Figures at a glance
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6
 

References