Pharmacological Action of KareeradiKwath: A Analytical Study

Abstract

Ayurveda have four Important pillars which is successfully cure the Any type of Disorder or Vyadhi. All pillars (Vaidya, Aushadhi, Paricharak and Rogi) are play the Important During the treatment. Aushdhi (Medicine) is most important part of any type of Chikitsa (treatment) and having many types and forms of Aushadhi (medicine) like BahyaParimarjan (local Application), Anta Parimarjan (systemic application) in Ayurveda. KwathKalpanais one of the Form which is used as Both types of the Chikitsa (treatment). In Ayurveda like Dhovan, Prakshalana and lepan with Churna etc. in BahyaParimarjan and Paan, Peya etc. in AntahPrimarjan. KariradiKwath is one of the Kwath which is use in Yonivyapad as PrakshalanKarma in CharakChikitsa 30 YonivyapadaAdhayay.KareeradiKwath is composition of nine incredibly potent and beneficial herbs Kareer, Dhav, Nimbha, Aark, Venu, Koshaamra, Jambu, Jingini, Aarushand Draksha (as Sura). All the drugs reviewing by the different Ayurveda text and modern text and we got important properties and benefit of the Drugs and these drugs are easily available in different parts of India. So, in this Kwath all the content of Kwath is predominantly KashayaRasaatmak, Laguruksh in Guna, VeeryaUshna which is help to prevent the Saarav and also prevent Vedana and Sothawhich is indicated in KaphajYoniVyapadchikitsa of CharakSamhita. All the content has many Alkaloids like tannin glycine, narvaline, praline, aspartic acid, asparagine, and other amino acids which have important anti-septic property like anti microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant some and alkaloids have wound- healing properties. Hence the KareeradiKwath can be more frequent beneficial for the any inflammatory, sepsis, sever microbial condition, wounds of local area of the skin and other body part. According to theirproperties this Kwath can be also used oral administration in Kaph-Vat Janya Vyadhi.

 

Keywords

Yoni-Vyapadchikitsa; Kareeradikwath; Alkaloids; Bahya Parimarjan; AntaParimarjan; Antiseptic

Introduction

Ayurveda was revealed to the seers of India, thousands of years ago and it is a comprehensive system of healthcare originating. India over 5000 yrs. ago of these, Atharvaveda dated around 1,200 B.C widely regarded as the most important source book. The words ayu (life) and Veda (knowledge), which make up the term Ayurveda, deal with many aspects of health and welfare in its various forms, such as a joyful life, lasting happiness, and longevity. There are three basic states of a being, according to Ayurveda: the physical (including physiological), the mental, and the spiritual. According to WHO Ayurveda is a system of natural medicine having a detailed scientific literature, a comprehensive Materia medica and a wide breadth of clinical procedure relevant to prevention and t/t of acute and chronic diseases. Among the numerous Indian systems of medicine, Ayurveda is the most prevalent and has been practised throughout history. “This science of life is defined as “The science that indicates the appropriate, inappropriate, happy or sorrowful condition of living which is auspicious for longevity as well as measure of life itself. Ayurveda is a branch of life science. A single medication is sufficient to treat both signs and symptoms [1,2]. However, Ayurveda uses combinations based on linked Guna and Karma as one of the greatest methods for treating a variety of Vyadhi`s (diseases). According to their manner of action, this herbal remedy appears to offer promise. Because of this, AyurvedicAcharyas created certain straight forward combinations of medicinal plants based on their characteristics (Guna and Karma). Kareeradi Kwath is a drug which is mentioned in CharakChikitsa 30 YonivyapadaAdhaya which can be used in Yoni Prakshalan. Kareeradikwath is composition of nine incredibly potent and beneficial herbs Kareer, Dhav, Nimbha, Aark, Venu, Koshaamra, Jambu, Jingini, Aarush andDraksha (as sura). In this Kwath all the content of Kwathis predominantly KashayaRasaatmak which is help to prevent the Saarav and it is indicated in KaphajYoniVyapadchikitsa of Charak Samhita [3]. The different and the characters of the various ingredients of the drug are as mentioned below.

Aim

To review the pharmacological action and Ayurvedic miniature of Kariradi Kawath [4].

Objective

• To review the Kareeradi Kwath in Ayurvedic text and Different-Different Samhita.
• To investigate the Pharmacological action of Kareeradi Kwath on the basis of the its each drug action.

Literature Review

Morphology of component of KareeradiKwath

Kareer

Taxonomy:

• Latin name: Capparis decidua
• Order: Brassicales
• Family: Capparaceae
• Genus: Capparis
• Species: C. deciduas

Sanskrit synonyms: Nishapatrak, Kaveer, Karir, Tishanakantak, Mruduphala, Tikshansaarak, Suphala, Ushtrapriya, Apatra.

Morphology: A thorny shrub 2 to 3 metres high with very few small leaves, flowers–pink with much of honey. Pickles are made from its berries. It grows in Marvad, Punjab, Kutch, and sandy areas [5,6].

Raspanchak

• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha
• Veerya: Ushna
• Rasa: Tikta,Katu
• Vipak: Katu

Dhav

Taxonomy:

• Order: Myrtales
• Family: Combretaceae
• Genus: Anogeissus
• Species: A. latifolia

Sanskrit synonyms: Dhava, Dathataru, Gaur, Madhurtwak, Shklavriksha, Pandutaru, Dhaval, Spirodatha, Shakat.

Morphology: This is huge tree growing up to height of 28 metres. Its bark is greenish white. Leaves 4 to 8 cm, long and 2.5 to 5 cm broad, smooth, flowers-round and in bunches. Latex oozes out from the tree. Himalayas, Sri Lanka [7].

Ras-panchak

• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha
• Veerya: Sheet
• Rasa: Madhur, Kashaya
• Dosha: Kapha-Pitta Shamak
• Vipak: Katu

Nimbha

Taxonomy

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Sapindales
• Family: Meliaceae
• Genus: Azadirachta
• Species: A. latifolia

Morphology: Tree measuring 8-10 metres in height. Trunk straight with branches in all directions. Bark is thick, black, rough, from which secretion is obtained, leaves compound equidistant, eye shaped, 6 to 14, paired foliated bilateral on the stock. Flowers small, white, secented. Fruit green and hard. Fruit contains sweet slightly pungent and sticky pulp and single seed. Oil is extracted from the seed [8].

Raspanchak

• Guna: Laghu
• Veerya: Sheeta
• Rasa: Tikta, Kashaya
• Vipak: Katu
• Dosha: Kaphasamak and Pittashamak

Aark

Taxonomy:

• Latin name: Calotropisprocera R. Br.
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Gentianales
• Family: Apocynaceae
• Genus: Calotropis
• Species: C. gigantea

Sanskrit synonyms

• Red calotropis: Toolaphala, Ksheeparna, Shwetarka, Mandar, Vasuka, Alarka, Ratarka, Arkanama, Arkaparna.
• White calotropis: Shuklarka, Tapan, Supushpa, Vrittamallika.
• Rajarka: Vasuka, Alarka, Gunaroopa, Viksheer.

Morphology: It is a shrub. Its stem is hard having bark with grey striations on it. All over India in dry and pungent soil, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Iran and Africa.

Raspanchak

• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha, teekshana
• Veerya: Ushana
• Rasa: Katu and Tikta
• Vipak: Katu
• Dosha: kaphavatashamak

Venu

Taxonomy:

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Poales
• Family: Poaceae
• Class: Liliopsida
• Genus: Bambusa
• Species: Bambusa arundinacea

Morphology: It is a tall type of spiky bamboo with brilliant green leaves that grows in thickets made up of numerous densely clustered, massively branching culms [9]. It naturally grows in the forests of the arid zones and reaches heights of 10 to 35 metres.

Raspanchak

• Guna: Ruksha
• Veerya: Sheeta
• Rasa: Madhura
• Vipak: Madhura
• Dosha: Vata-Pitta Shamak

Koshaamra

Taxonomy:

• Latin Name: Schleichera
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Sapindales
• Family: Sapindaceae
• Class: Liliopsida
• Genus: Schleichera; Lour
• Species: S. oleosa

Morphology: It is a beautiful tree with fruit of the size of Myristica fragrance having 1 to 3 seeds. It is sour to taste. Wood– Hard and strong (it is used to make oil). Bark and seeds are used in medicine. In Bengal, seeds are called as paka. Oil which is known as makasar oil promotes hair growth and reduces dandruff. It is also used in scabies, body ache and headache. Bark rubbed in water is applied on scabies, abscess, and lower backache [10,11].

Raspanchak

• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha
• Veerya: Sheeta
• Rasa: Kashaya, Madhur, Amla
• Vipak: Madhur
• Dosha: Kaphavatashamak and Pitta Shamak

Jambhu

Taxonomy:

• Latin name: Eugenia
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Myrtales
• Family: Myrtaceae
• Genus: Syzygium
• Species: S. cumini

Morphology: It is a big evergreen tree with leaves 8 to 15 cms long and 5 to 6 cms wide. Flowers white and golden.

Raspanchak

• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha
• Veerya: Sheeta
• Rasa: Kashaya, Madhur, Amla
• Vipak: Madhur
• Dosha: Kaphavatashamak and Pittashamak

Jingini

Taxonomy:

• Latin: Lannea grandis Engl.
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Sapindales
• Family: Anacardiaceae
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Genus: Lannea
• Species: Lannea grandis (Houtt.) Merr.

Sanskrit synonyms: Jingini, Modaki, Jhonjhini, Jhalli, Gudamanjari, Jaiasara, Kalushi, Kalamanjari, Madanamanjari, Parvatiya, Suniryasa, Ajashringi, Jingoni

Raspanchak

• Rasa: Katu, Kasaya, Madhura
• Virya: Ushna
• Guna: Snigdha, Tiksna
• Vipaka: Katu
• Doshakarma: Vatakaphahara

Arusha

Taxonomy:

• Latin Name: Adhathoda zeylanica Medicus
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Personales
• Family: Acanthaceae
• Class: Dicotyledonae
• Genus: Justicia
• Species: J. adhatoda

Morphology: Justicia adhatoda is a shrub with 10-20 lance-shaped leaves that are 8-9 centimeters long and four centimeters broad. They are organized in opposing directions, have smooth edges, and are carried on short petioles. When dry, they have a drab brownish-green hue. Their flavour is acrid. The oval stomata on a leaf can be observed when it is cleaned with chloral hydrate and studied under a microscope. Two crescent-shaped cells that are perpendicular to the ostiole encircle them. Simple one- to three-celled warty hairs and tiny glandular hairs are present in the epidermis. Cystoliths are found below the blade's epidermis on the underside [12]. The bark of the trunk's numerous long, opposing, ascending branches is yellowish in hue. Large, dense axillary spikes can be seen in the inflorescence, and the flowers are often white. Fruits have capsules that resemble clubs and are pubescent [13].

• Rasa: Tikta, Kashaya
• Virya: Sheeta
• Guna: Laghu, Ruksha
• Vipaka: Katu
• Doshakarma: KaphaPitta Shamak

Draksha:

• Latin Name: Vitis vinifera Linn.
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Vitales
• Family: Vitaceae
• Class: Angiosperm
• Genus: Vitis
• Species: V. vinifera

Morphology: It's a creeper on the rise. The leaves look like bitter gourd but have fine hair on them. There are 4 to 5 pairs of veins in the heart of the leaf, and blooms that are greenish, aromatic, and clustered. The fruits are oblong and have four-S seeds. Flowering takes place in the spring, followed by fruiting in the summer.

• Rasa: Madhura
• Virya: Sheeta
• Guna: Singdha, Guru, Mridu
• Vipaka: Madhura
• Doshakarma: Kapha Pitta Shamak

Phytochemistry: The non-nutritive chemical substances obtained from plants called phytochemicals are important in preventing human disease. They are frequently present in meals made from plants, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, and tea. Total phytochemical consumption has a constant protective effect against chronic illnesses like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological diseases [14].

Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, carotenoids, and other phytochemicals present in medicinal plants play important preventive roles in a number of diseases, including inflammation, diabetes, aging, antimicrobial resistance, parasite control, depression, and cancer. These chemical compounds derived from plants also have antioxidant and wound healing properties [15-17]. They also play a significant role in plants' ability to withstand stress and the build-up of several significant bioactive chemicals in fruits roots and leaves of herbs. So, here we are review alkaloids and its therapeutics action of each drug of KareeradiKwath (Tables 1-10).

Table 1. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Kareer.

Table 2. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Dhav.

Table 3. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Nimba.

Table 4. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Aark.

Table 5. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Venu.

Table 6. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Koshaamra.

Table 7. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Jambhu.

Table 8. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Jingini.

Table 9. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Arusha.

Table 10. Alkaloids and its therapeutics action of Draksha.

Pharmacological action

Ayurvedic therapeutic use and Sansthanikarma (Tables 11-20).

Table 11. Kareer.

Table 12. Dhav.

Table 13. Nimba.

Table 14. Aark.

Table 15. Venu.

Table 16. Koshaamra.

Table 17. Jambhu.

Table 18. Jingini.

Table 19. Arusha.

Table 20. Draksha.

Discussion

Pharmacological action

KariradiKwathis not mentioned in another Samhita and mention only Acharya Charak for the yoni Prakshalana in Pradarchikitsa and The KariradiKwath is the antiseptic formulation, it has antimicrobial properties because KariradiKwath have 10 drugs and each drug have so many alkaloids which have anti-microbial properties which is following:

Chemical constituents: Root bark: Contains diterpene alcohol and ester spermidine alkaloids, including Isocodonocarpine, capparisinine, and capparisesterpenolide. Also contains antimicrobial compounds like 14 beta-sitosterol, rutin, cadebacine, sacchydrine, N-acetyl isocodonocarpine, and more. Cappaprenol-12, Cappaprenol-13, and Cappaprenol-14 are among the sterols found in the root stem, along with fatty acids, acyclic terpenoids, shikimate derivatives, and alkaloids such polyprenols and lupin tercantanol [18]. It also contains lectins, phenolic acids, indoles, and flavonoids.

Medicinal properties

Root bark:

• Antimicrobial: Exhibits antimicrobial activity.
• Anti-inflammatory and analgesic: Possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
• Anti-parasitic: Shows activity against parasites.
• Anti-cancer: Contains compounds with potential anticancer properties.
• Hepatoprotective: Offers hepatoprotective effects.

Root stem:

• Anti-cancer: Contains alkaloids with potential anticancer properties.
• Anti-oxidant: Possesses antioxidant effects.
• Anti-allergic: May have antiallergic properties.

Ayurvedic use: Kareer is described as having "laghu, ruksha, ushna Guna" in Ayurveda, which means it has light, dry, and warm qualities. It is believed to balance Kapha and Vata doshas and can alleviate swelling and pain associated with these doshas. The UshnaVipak (post-digestive effect) is said to aid digestion. Kareer is traditionally used in Ayurveda for healing inflammations and wounds.

Dhav (Anogeissus latifolia) has an antioxidant potential: The presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and gallic acid in the Dhav extract suggests its strong antioxidant properties. Specifically, the high levels of quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid contribute to its potent antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are important for combating oxidative stress, reducing oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and scavenging free radicals. This antioxidant potential may explain the hepatoprotective properties of the extract.

Antiulcer activity: The hydroalcoholic extract of AL has shown potential as an antiulcer drug. This activity may be attributed to its ability to decrease Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and enhance catalase activity while reducing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels. These effects suggest that AL extract could help protect the gastrointestinal mucosa from damage and inflammation, making it a promising candidate for antiulcer therapy.

Wound healing: A. latifolia extracts have demonstrated wound healing potential by reducing the time required for epithelization and minimizing scar formation. This finding supports the traditional use of A. latifolia in Indian medicine for various skin conditions such as sores, boils, and itching. The ability to promote faster wound healing and minimize scarring can be valuable in the treatment of skin injuries and ailments A. latifolia extracts appear to offer several health benefits, including antioxidant properties, antiulcer potential, and wound healing capabilities. These findings suggest that this plant could be explored further for its therapeutic applications in traditional and modern medicine. It's crucial to remember that, even if these sections offer encouraging information, more clinical research and scientific investigation are required to completely comprehend and validate the therapeutic benefits of A. latifolia. Ayurveda has been described the following properties of Dhav (A. latifolia) “laghuruksh, virya sheet, vipakkatu”, so these drugs believe to balance kaph pittadoshaand capable for raktshodhak, vranropan, or Shothhar condition [19].

Nimba (Azadirachta indiaca) is described as having "laghu, ruksha, sheet, Guna" in Samhita. It is believed to balance Kapha and Pitta doshas and can alleviate swelling and pain associated with these doshas. The UshanaVipak (post-digestive effect) is said to aid digestion. Kareer is traditionally used in Ayurveda for healing inflammations and wounds, purification of the blood. Phenolic acids: O-coumaric, vanillic, caffeic, salicylic, and cinnamic acids were among the phenolic acids identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) testing. Ingredients of NimbaNeera's nutrition: Free sugars such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and xylose are present in NimbaNeera.

Amino acids: Alanine, amino butyric acid, and arginine are among the amino acids found. Organic acids including citric, malic, and succinic acids are also present in NimbaNeera.

Other amino acids and organic acids: Nimba Neera also contains glycine, narvaline, praline, aspartic acid, asparagine, and other amino acids. Due to the presence of phenolic acids, this composition leads one to believe that Nimba toddy (also known as Neera) is a complex combination with possible antioxidant effects. With sugars, amino acids, and other organic acids, it also provides nutritional value. Based on its particular chemical composition, more study may examine its potential uses and health advantages.

The flower of Araka (Calotropis procera) has described as having “Laghu, Ruksha, Tiksha, RaasKatu, Tikt, VipakKatu, VeeryaUshna. It is believed to balance Kaph Vata due to ushnaguna and has also the properties like Vedana Sthapan, Shoth-har, vrana-shodhan, kushthaghan, Jantughna. The flower of Araka (Calotropis procera) includes D-arabinose, glucose, glucosamine, and l-rhamnose as part of its polysaccharides. These polysaccharides may engage in a variety of biological processes, including possible immunomodulatory effects.

Flavonoids: Known for its antioxidant qualities and ability to lessen oxidative stress, quercetin-3-rutinoside is a flavonoid. Sterol, Calactin, Calotoxin, Calotrpagenin, and Calotropin are substances that may have a variety of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities.

Enzymes: 3-Proteinase and protease calotropain: These enzymes could be involved in the degradation of proteins and might be useful in a number of biological procedures. Triterpene having possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects is lupeol. Uscharin is a cardenolide that may have adverse effects on the heart. These substances, proceroside and proceragenin, may have a variety of pharmacological effects, including possible anticancer characteristics. Another cardenolide that can have an impact on the cardiovascular system is syriogenin. Compounds having possible pharmacological benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic characteristics, include tarxast-20(30)-en-3-gigantin and giganteol.

Other substances: These may have a variety of pharmacological effects, including pentenoate, 3-thiazoline cardenolide, 3-isogigateol, Uscharidin, uzarigenin, and Voruscharin. These substances have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiac glycoside effects, and perhaps anticancer capabilities [20].

Venu (Bambusa arundinacea) has included the protein: Provides necessary amino acids and is crucial for a balanced diet. An unidentified kind of protein that may have a role in some plants' production of gluten. An important amino acid that is needed for protein synthesis and good health, lysine. Methionine is an additional necessary amino acid that has a number of metabolic uses. A chemical known as Betain (betaine) may play a part in osmoregulation as well as serving as a methyl donor in a number of metabolic processes. Choline is a crucial component required for many biological functions, including the construction of cell membranes and the production of neurotransmitters. Nuclease and urease are examples of the proteolytic enzymes that help break down proteins and nucleic acids. Healing of wounds: The plant's leaves may offer healing abilities for wounds, possibly through antibacterial or anti-inflammatory effects. The plant may have qualities that help fight helminth infections, which are brought on by parasitic worms. Helminthiasis (Worm Infestation). Relief from Itching: The leaves may include substances that lessen itching, maybe through anti-inflammatory or calming actions. Leprosy: Although the precise processes are not known, certain traditional medical systems may employ the plant's leaves to cure leprosy. Anti-inflammatory qualities in the plant's leaves may aid to lessen inflammation. Venu`s leaves have some Ayurvedic propertiesLaghu, Ruksh,tiksna, Madhur, Kashaya, ushnavirya,it is believed in balance of vaatkaphaDoshaj and cured of theAjiran, Agni-mandhya, Atisara, Kashtaarthava, Raajayakshama, Pandu, Kaamla, Kasa–Swasadisease, Vrana Shodanan–Ropanam.

Koshamra (Schleichera oleosa) is included resins are semi-solid or solid organic compounds that plants make to protect themselves from insects and diseases. They can have a variety of chemical compositions and fulfil a variety of functions, such as protection and wound healing. Tannins are a type of polyphenolic chemicals found in plants. They are well-known for their astringent characteristics and have a variety of applications, including tanning leather and serving as antioxidants in certain traditional treatments. Tannins can also help plants defend themselves against herbivores. Koshaamra have some propertiesLaghu, Ruksha Veerya–Sheeta, Rasa Kashaya, Madhur, amla Vipak–Madhur, it is believed in balance of Dosha–Kapha Vata Shamak and pitta shaman. And it is cured if the Tvakroga, Kandu, Aruchi, Agnimandya, Vrana, Raktpittam, Krimi, Vranaropan.

The important components you noted in Jamun or Jambu (Syzygium cumini) stem bark and their possible contributions to astringency:

Betulinic acid: While not a tannin, betulinic acid may have additional bioactive qualities in the bark. Its involvement in astringency is unknown, although it may add to the plant's overall therapeutic benefits. Friedelin and Epifriedelanol: These chemicals may have antioxidant capabilities and may contribute to the plant's overall medicinal benefits, but they are not commonly connected with astringency. Sitosterol: Sitosterol is a plant sterol that has nothing to do with astringency. It may provide further health advantages. Eugenin is known for its fragrant and potentially therapeutic effects rather than its astringency.

Kaempferol and Myricetin: Although these flavonoids are antioxidants with potential health benefits, their direct impact in astringency is limited.

Gallic acid and ellagic acid: Gallic acid and ellagic acid are both tannins that can considerably contribute to astringenc

Bergenins: Due to its tannin-like structure, bergenins may have astringent qualities.

Flavonoids: Although flavonoids are not directly connected with astringency, they do provide a variety of possible health advantages.

Tanninic acid: Tanninic acid, or tannins in general, are the principal chemicals responsible for plant bark's astringent properties. While the stem bark of Syzygium cumini contains a variety of chemicals, gallo and ellagi-tannins are most likely responsible for its astringent properties. These tannins are known to interact with proteins, resulting in the dry, puckering feeling associated with astringency.

Jigini (Lannea grandis) involved the gallic acid: Many plants naturally contain gallic acid, an antioxidant. pharmacological research frequently employs it to assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is employed in research to examine its effects on oxidative stress and cellular protection because of its well-known antioxidant qualities.

Quercetin: Quercetin is a flavonoid that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. Its potential health benefits, particularly its involvement in avoiding numerous diseases, are the reason it is frequently explored. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant that is frequently used in the food industry to stop fats and oils from oxidising. Its possible ability to guard against oxidative stress may also be researched. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, or DPPH, is a free radical scavenger that is used to evaluate a compound's ability to function as an antioxidant. It is frequently used to evaluate natural goods' antioxidant capacities. The total phenolic content of plant extracts and other samples can be ascertained using Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Antioxidant qualities are frequently linked to phenolic chemicals.

Potassium ferricyanide: Potassium ferricyanide is employed in a number of chemical tests, such as those that quantify antioxidant activity and identify reducing agents. The chelating substance EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, has the ability to attach to metal ions. Pharmacological study uses it to stop oxidative reactions that are catalysed by metals. A popular reagent for determining antioxidant levels is ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)).

NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): NADH is a coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions. It is used in various biochemical assays to assess metabolic processes and enzyme activity.

Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT): NBT is used to assess the generation of superoxide radicals in biological systems. It is commonly used in studies related to oxidative stress and inflammation. It means Jjigini has common Ayurvedic pharmacological action Shoth (anti-inflammatory), anti-microbial, Hriduja (Hypotensive), Vrana Shodhan (Wound healing), and Aphrodisiac activities due to Rasa–Katu, Kasaya, MadhuraVirya –UshnaGuna–Snigdha, TiksnaVipaka–Katu.

The compounds of Arusha (Adhatodavasica) plant, including vasicinolone, vasicol, Veganine (vasicine), and Vasicinone, have been studied for their potential pharmacological actions. Here are some of the known or proposed pharmacological actions associated with these compounds: Vasicinolone: Vasicinolone may possess various pharmacological properties. Some studies have suggested that it has Bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, making it potentially useful in the treatment of respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis. It may act by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles and reducing inflammation in the airways.

Vasicol: Vasicol is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and has been studied for its potential role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. These properties can be beneficial in various disease conditions where inflammation plays a role.

Peganine (Vasicine): Peganine, also known as vasicine, is a well-known alkaloid with bronchodilatory effects. It acts as a respiratory stimulant and has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for respiratory conditions. It may help in relieving cough, promoting expectoration, and improving lung function. Vasicinone: Vasicinone, like peganine, is believed to have bronchodilator effects and may assist in managing respiratory disorders. It is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for its potential benefits in respiratory conditions and cough relief.

The Draksha has some alkaloid which is dehydroascorbic acid: This is a compound that can be converted into vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the body. It is not typically found in high amounts in fruits, but vitamin C is abundant in many fruits. Vitamin C is also work as wound healing properties.

Cholesterol: Cholesterol is not typically found in significant amounts in fruits. Cholesterol is primarily found in animal products.

Ergosterol: Ergosterol is a compound found in fungi (like yeast) and is not a component of fruits.

Beta-sitosterol: Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that is indeed found in some fruits, such as avocados.

Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P): Bioflavonoids are a group of plant compounds found in various fruits, vegetables, and other foods, and they are often associated with vitamin C. However, "Vitamin P" is an outdated term and not commonly used today.

Malic and tannic acids: Malic acid is found in various fruits, especially apples, while tannic acid is found in some fruits but is more commonly associated with plant sources like tea. If the Draksha has so many formulations like alcohol bases formulation and Alcohol base formulation work as antiseptic drugs wound healing properties.

Conclusion

KareeradiKwath is one of the Kwath which is used as antiseptic local applicant (for Prakshalana or Dhavan) in the Shwet Pradar (leucorrhoea or white discharge) which is mentioned by Acharya Charak in YonivyapdAdhayay of ChikistaSthan in Charak Samhita. After reviewing the properties of each component (Drug) of KareeradiKwath from the different-different aspect such as Ayurveda and morden aspect. In Ayurveda most of the drugs of KareeradiKwathhas laghuRuksh, ushnavirayaand Kashya and Madhur in rasawhich Is balance the Kaph and Pitta Doshsaand Shaman of Vedana (pain). Shaman of the any type of Srav and purification of Vrana, healing of Vranaand Anti-inflammatory having this property due to Kashaya Ras and Ruksha Gunaand as per modern aspect so many chemical constituents are present in each drug of this Kwath which have many pharmacological properties so their chemical constituents, and potential pharmacological properties, we have learned about the diverse components found in several plant species used in traditional medicine and Ayurveda. These compounds encompass a range of bioactive molecules, from antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to antimicrobial and wound-healing substances. While this information provides insights into the potential health benefits of these plants, It is significant to remember that additional clinical trials and scientific investigation are required to completely comprehend and validate their therapeutic capabilities.

 

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