Short Communication Open Access

Antioxidants: Mechanisms, Sources, and Therapeutic Applications in Modern Healthcare

Abstract

Antioxidants are vital bioactive molecules that protect living systems against oxidative stress induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants, both endogenous and exogenous, function by neutralizing free radicals, inhibiting oxidative chain reactions, and enhancing cellular defense mechanisms. Natural antioxidants, particularly those derived from plants such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and vitamins, have gained significant attention due to their therapeutic potential and minimal side effects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of antioxidants, including their classification, mechanisms of action, natural sources, analytical methods, and therapeutic applications. Additionally, current challenges such as bioavailability, stability, and safety concerns are discussed. Advances in biotechnology and nanotechnology offer promising strategies for improving antioxidant efficacy and delivery. Antioxidants remain a cornerstone in preventive medicine and continue to be a focus of research for developing innovative healthcare solutions.

Ritu Verma

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