Review Article Open Access

Harnessing Microbial Power: Innovations in Biodegradation for Pollution Control-Review

Abstract

The growing amount of pollutants in the environment, especially dangerous substances like pesticides, heavy metals, plastics, and hydrocarbons, endangers both human health and ecosystems. These pollutants are difficult to remove using conventional procedures because they are persistent and mostly originate from industrial, agricultural, and urban activities. By using the natural metabolic processes of bacteria, fungi, and algae to degrade and purify these pollutants, microbial biodegradation provides an effective and environmentally beneficial substitute. The mechanisms by which microorganisms break down different contaminants are reviewed in this article, with an emphasis on enzymatic reactions like hydrolases, reductases, and oxygenases that help break down complicated hazardous chemicals into less dangerous forms. Fungi like Aspergillus and bacterial species like Pseudomonas and Bacillus are essential to the degradation process. Furthermore, the application of microbial consortia—synergistic communities of microorganisms has demonstrated improved capacities for biodegradation, especially when it comes to combined contaminants. Recent developments in biotechnology, such as omics technologies, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering, have increased the scalability and efficiency of microbial biodegradation processes.

Nandana C*, Rohini A

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