Research Article Open Access

The Efficacy of a Novel Biological Formulation from Bovine Milk Colostrum Exosomes and its Growth Factors in Enhancing the Process of Wound Healing

Abstract

The management of wounds is a significant issue that impacts individuals, healthcare systems, and society at large. This study evaluated a novel formulation extracted from Bovine Colostrum with a unique combination of 20 different growth factors and exosomes, known for its exceptional properties in promoting cell proliferation and regeneration. The newly developed combination of different biological components was referred to as Rigemed D (RD). This study aims to determine the effects of different doses of RD on cell survival (using CCK8) and to assess its antioxidant effect using the Comet assay in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on two human cell types, fibroblasts and immortalised keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). The study results revealed that RD, at doses of 1, 1.5 and 2% v/v, significantly improved cell viability four, six and 12 times, respectively, compared to the control group (p<0.00001). Furthermore, the Comet assay showed a two-fold reduction in DNA damage in RD- treated cells at 2% v/v without and with H2O2 (p<0.001). The effect of RD on cell proliferation and migration was evaluated using a scratch assay on fibroblasts and HaCaT cells. The findings demonstrated a four-fold increase in cell proliferation and migration at 1 and 24 hours (p<0.001). Immunohistochemistry confirmed this claim (p<0.001). Also, angiogenesis induction of RD was assessed on Human Vein Umbilical Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), showing that RD significantly enhanced the proliferation of endothelial HUVEC cells (p<0.0001). In conclusion, RD is a promising vitalising compound with exceptional capabilities in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and regeneration. It also shows a significant antioxidant effect and has the potential to support all phases of wound healing involving cell proliferation, re-epithelialisation, angiogenesis, and tissue maturation. Hence, the present formulation presents a promising foundation for developing a 3D bio-printed membrane, potentially expediting the wound healing process.